Project Teams - delivering more than the sum of the parts
We all know a high performing project team when we see one. Everyone contributing, looking out for and supporting colleagues, going the "extra mile" to achieve milestones. Basically producing more than the sum of the parts. But how do we get to this state?From what I have observed in the IT world at least, project teams are typically brought together for the Project with typically a mixture of in-house resources (including some seconded to the project from other roles) augmented by individual contractors and third party suppliers (who may have a small or large part in the overall project).
A new team brought together doesn't normally have that sense of TEAM and so the Project Manager needs to try and help engender a "team ethic". A number of things can contribute to getting to a real team and events outside work can help. Sometimes the team needs to go through a Form, Storm, Norm, Perform process to get to the high performing state.
Communications
Good communication with the team will encourage good communications back and assist in creating a team spirit. Also take a look at the post on Project Communications. So:- Keep the team updated on what the plan is (hopefully several people were involved in creating), progress against plan, your view on RAIDs etc. The approach can vary on project team size and culture but certainly I prefer to publish a weekly Status Report which is available to everybody to read. However, assume that many will not read so use Project or Programme Town hall meetings to do updates and answer team wide queries
- General communications should typically be augmented by weekly meetings with key individuals / groups within the Project Organisation to discuss progress, discuss & gather new RAIDs and next steps
- On a one to one basis, I always aim to be as honest as I can in communications, calling out good things, saying when I don't believe a good job is being done.
Recognise that there are different Personality types
You need to appreciate that there will be different personality types in your team (and your stakeholders too!). The formal way of assessing is via psychometric testing such as Myers Briggs where each person is mapped to 16 different personality types. It is unlikely that this is going to be undertaken on most Project teams but as a People Manager you and other team leaders should have an awareness that people are different, the clues to their personality types and how this affects the approach to interact with them and in addition, how they are likely to respond.
To take one concrete example, someone in a senior position is most likely to be a personality type such as ENTJ and will want summary information, not wallow in detail so consider this when communicating.
So try and assess / understand the personality types in your team, within your Stakeholders and don't forget yourself! Then interact accordingly.
To take one concrete example, someone in a senior position is most likely to be a personality type such as ENTJ and will want summary information, not wallow in detail so consider this when communicating.
So try and assess / understand the personality types in your team, within your Stakeholders and don't forget yourself! Then interact accordingly.
Be Genuine!
My personal approach to building relationships is to be a "genuine" person. I always try and be honest with people (whether praising or criticising) , value people's input, don't be serious all the time so have a laugh and a joke, balance listening and talking etc and take some time to learn about what people are up to outside work. Don't forget in the heat of battle to say thank you and well done when appropriate!
In terms of being Genuine, don't think you can "fake" these interactions because people will quickly see through that. If you aren't the type of personality to naturally interact then try and develop these skills but some argue a leopard cannot change his spots. However my belief is that you can change your personality a little over time or maybe just self-manage a little better knowing your own characteristics and how others see you.
In terms of being Genuine, don't think you can "fake" these interactions because people will quickly see through that. If you aren't the type of personality to naturally interact then try and develop these skills but some argue a leopard cannot change his spots. However my belief is that you can change your personality a little over time or maybe just self-manage a little better knowing your own characteristics and how others see you.
The bottom line in interactions with team-mates is to build trust with people over time so that when the pressure is on they are committed to achieving and going the extra mile as necessary.
Feelings are important
I would say the best training course I ever went on was with the Leadership Trust which had a number of cleverly designed and challenging exercises involving stressful leadership situation(s). I still remember that after each exercise there would be a de-brief and one of the stock questions was "how did that make you feel?". We should be mindful of how we are feeling and assess how team mates are feeling. How people are feeling affects how they perform tasks and links into the topic of Motivation
Motivation
Motivation is the inner force which drives our attitudes and behaviour. It can make the difference between someone with the same skills who on one side delivers little, clock watches, browses the internet et al and someone who is head down delivering useful things to help deliver the project, goes the extra mile etc. I am no expert in psychology so here are a few points which I keep in mind:
- look for the "win-win" deal, project win and personal win. Sell the experience that delivering on the project will mean for the person CV wise
- involve the team in planning (or if an individual has not been involved explain the resulting plan) so the person understands what part they play in achieving the overall objective
- establishing a team ethic can help motivation e.g. delivering for team mates, not wanted to let the team down etc
- broadly I agree that money isn't a long term motivator unless it is a big incentive linked to success. Serious lack of money (well below norms for role) can be a de-motivator however!
- if you observe a demotivated person, don't ignore, have a quiet discussion, try and establish why and if it is fixable, try and resolve
- a bad apple can spoil the barrel. So a really de-motivated person you can't turn should be removed from the project team before infecting others
Adopt Different leadership styles
You (and your team managers) should adapt your leadership styles to apply in different situations are shown below.
- Delegate - If a member of the team has good skills & experience and a motivation to get things done then you can just delegate tasks with little supervision or support. Agree the scope and objective of the task, a target date and let them fly. You may not even ask for regular updates because you trust them to get the job done or alert you to any problems i.e. working on an exception basis
- Coach - If your team member is very willing but lacks some skills and experience of the task at hand then you can use a coaching style where you agree the scope, objective and target date for a task but you have more monitoring and control in place with regular checkpoints. The conversations should be two-way and you should be a bit of a sounding board and advise as appropriate but often it is more about giving confidence to the person. So it is an investment and hopefully the person can do more thinking for themselves eventually and you can move towards a delegation style. If you or your team manager(s) don't have the knowledge or bandwidth to coach another approach is to buddy someone alongside a senior member of the team
- Support - You assess that your team member has the skills and experience but lacks the drive to get things done. There could be a number of reasons for this such as basic laziness, a personality which is easily distracted etc. You have regular short checkpoints for good monitoring & control giving praise when the person is on track and a size 9 boot when they are not!
- Direct - if the team member lacks skills, experience and motivation start worrying! But while you worry, you need to get the task done so this needs the most frequent monitoring & control and basically you direct to say "do this", "now do this" etc. If things improve, hopefully you can move more to a coaching style with more two way conversation as this is best for the individual and you.
In the above give consideration to work package principles I went through in a previous post.
Some Proverbs for you to remember
As always, there are a few Proverbs which are worth remembering:
- Nothing is impossible for the person who doesn't have to do it
- You can con a sucker into committing to an impossible deadline but cannot con him into meeting it
- Good leaders do not take on all the work themselves; neither do they take all of the credit
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